A Pseudoaneurysm of Abdominal Aorta after Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin Therapy / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

We report a patient who underwent an operation for an infectious abdominal aortic aneurysm 10 months after intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy. A 68-year-old man had previous gastrectomy for early gastric cancer and intravesical BCG therapy for early stage urinary bladder cancer. His follow up CT scan revealed an abdominal aorta pseudoaneurysm. We performed aneurysmectomy, omentopexy and bilateral axillo-femoral bypass. The culture of an abscess in the aneurysm identified <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i>. The patients improved clinically with antituberculosis agents after operation. Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy is effective in the treatment of early stage urinary bladder cancer. Although this treatment is generally considered safe, serious complications including vascular complications have been reported.

Two Cases of Unilateral Pulmonary Edema after Heart Surgery : Successful Strategy Using Veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

We report 2 patients with unilateral pulmonary edema after heart surgery who were successfully treated using venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO). Case 1 : A 35-year-old woman presented with dyspnea. Echocardiography showed severe mitral regurgitation (MR) and tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and therefore, mitral valve plasty (MVP) and tricuspid annular plasty (TAP) were performed via right thoracotomy. After weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass, respiratory failure occurred with expectoration of foamy sputum and it was difficult to maintain oxygenation. Therefore, we performed VV ECMO to maintain oxygenation. A chest X-ray film after surgery showed ipsilateral pulmonary edema. After weaning from VV ECMO, deep venous thrombosis occurred and therefore we inserted an IVC filter. Case 2 : A 67-year-old man, who had previously received aortic valve replacement experienced dyspnea and visited our hospital. Echocardiography showed an aortic root abscess, and therefore Bentall operation was performed. After weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass, oxygenation was difficult to maintain, and therefore we performed VV ECMO. A chest X-ray film post operatively showed right ipsilateral pulmonary edema. The patient was weaned from VV ECMO 5 days post operatively and was discharged 60 days post operatively. We believe that VV ECMO can be beneficial for patients with respiratory failure after heart surgery, but complications related to this approach such as DVT should also be considered.

A Case Study of Acute Aortic Dissection, Which Occurred in a Mother and Daughter with Marfan Syndrome on the Same Day / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

Case 1 was a 48-year-old mother who was under observation for Marfan syndrome and thoracic aortic dilation. She was brought to the hospital with chest pain, and a CT scan revealed acute aortic dissection (Stanford A). Aortic incompetence was also observed, and an emergency Bentall procedure was performed. Case 2, her daughter, was a 26 years old and 39 weeks pregnant. She did not meet the diagnostic criteria for Marfan syndrome. She experienced severe back pain on the same day that her mother was admitted for aortic dissection. Because the patient did not agree to the use of a contrast agent due to concern about its effect on the fetus, emergency cesarean section was performed. Subsequently, a CT scan performed on the patient showed acute aortic dissection (Stanford B). Accordingly, antihypertensive therapy was commenced. In both cases, the patients were discharged after they recovered. Although case 2 did not meet criteria for Marfan syndrome, because of the hereditary disposition, we strongly suspect this was a Marfan syndrome pregnancy. This type of case is included in the case literature on cesarean and vigilant perinatal care is thought to be necessary.

Two Cases of False Aneurysm Rupture Induced by Nonvascular Tumor / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

We presented here 2 cases of rare nonvascular tumor involving the aorta. Case 1: A 69-year-old woman. She presented leg edema and dyspnea on admission. Computed tomography revealed abdominal aortic aneurysm perforating left common iliac vein. Abdominal aortic aneurysm replacement and fistula closure were done on an emergency basis. Immunohistologic examination revealed that malignant mesothelioma invaded the aortic wall. Case 2: A 47-year-old woman presented with dyspnea. Enhanced computed tomography revealed rupture of the descending aortic aneurysm (saccular type). Aortic replacement was done on an emergency basis. One year after the operation, computed tomography revealed a giant mass (160×70mm) surrounding the descending thoracic aorta. On biopsy, malignant schwannoma was found to invade the descending aorta. Sometimes nonvascular tumors form aneurysms. So we should be careful in diagnosis before operation.

Replacement of a Degenerated Mitral Bioprosthesis Using a Valve-on-Valve Technique / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

A 79-year-old woman had received implantation of a pace maker for sick sinus syndrome at age 64 and tricuspid valve annuloplasty and Maze at age 68. Furthermore, she underwent tricuspid valve and mitral valve replacement with a bioprosthesis because of tricuspid valve and mitral valve regurgitation at age 73. She was referred to our institution for congestive heart failure in November 2005, because her bioprostheses at the mitral and tricuspid positions had shown significant regurgitation due to the degeneration of the prostheses, which required rereplacement. Because 1) surgical treatment of the heart had been performed twice in the past, 2) the general condition was not good owing to cirrhosis and hypothyroidism and 3) the durability of bioprostheses is short, we performed mitral valve re-replacement by using the “valve-on-valve” technique for reducing the invasion of surgical therapy. She had a satisfactory postoperative course. The “valve-on-valve” technique is a useful option for the re-replacement of bioprosthesis because it obviates the need for removing the sewing ring of the previous bioprosthesis.

A Case of Aortic Valve-Sparing Operation for Unruptured Aneurysm of Valsalva's Sinus / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

A 49-year-old woman was found to have unruptured Valsalva's sinus aneurysm. All of the sinuses were involved in the anuerysmal dilatation and the aortic valve was intact with no aortic insufficiency. Aortic root reconstruction surgery (root remodeling operation) was successfully performed and the histopathology of the aortic wall showed healed aortitis. Her postoperative course was uneventful. Valve-Sparing surgery can be one option, even in cases with aortitis.

Surgical Treatment for an Endovascular Stent Infection in the Descending Aorta / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

We report a rare case with infection of a stent-graft. A 82-year-old man, who had undergone endovascular stent grafting to repair the descending aortic aneurysm 2 years previously, was admitted with high-grade fever. The blood culture detected methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA). Endoleak due to stent-graft infection was diagnosed and operation for synthetic graft replacement was performed. The synthetic graft was infiltrated in Rifampicin prior to the graft replacement to prevent re-infection. Additionally, the graft was covered with the greater omentum. He was discharged on the 45th day after surgery without any problems. One year follow-up showed no sign of re-infection of the graft.